兵势
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01Organization & coordination分数与形名

Original原文

孙子曰:

凡治众如治寡,分数是也;

Modern Chinese现代汉语

孙子说:

管理庞大的部队就像管理几个人一样,依靠组织分工;

EnglishTranslation

Sun Tzu said:

Managing a large army is like managing a few people, relying on the organizational division of labor;

Original原文

斗众如斗寡,形名是也;

Modern Chinese现代汉语

和庞大的敌方部队作战就像和几个敌人作战一样,依靠作战形态指令;

EnglishTranslation

Fighting a large enemy force is like fighting a few enemies, relying on the command of the combat form;

Original原文

三军之众,可使必受敌而无败者,奇正是也;

Modern Chinese现代汉语

让全军各个部队,遭遇敌方的攻击而不会溃败,是因为正确部署了主力与助力部队

EnglishTranslation

The reason why all units of the whole army will not be defeated when they encounter the enemy's attack is because of the correct deployment of the main forces and the supporting forces;

Original原文

兵之所加,如以碫投卵者,虚实是也。

Modern Chinese现代汉语

出兵攻击敌方,如同以石击卵一样容易,关键在于用坚实攻击虚弱。

EnglishTranslation

Attacking the enemy is as easy as hitting an egg with a stone, the key is to attack weakness with strength.

02Direct & supporting forces奇正

Original原文

凡战者,以正合,以奇胜。

Modern Chinese现代汉语

通常作战,都是以正面主力部队交战制衡,而用额外助力部队去制胜。

EnglishTranslation

In normal battles, the main forces are used to balance the enemy, and the extra supporting forces are used to defeat the enemy.

Original原文

故善出奇者,无穷如天地,不竭如江海。

Modern Chinese现代汉语

善于运用助力部队的人,他的战术变化就像天地运行一样无穷无尽,像江海一样永不枯竭。

EnglishTranslation

One who is good at using the power of supporting forces, one's tactical changes are as endless as the movement of climate and terrain, and as inexhaustible as rivers and seas.

Original原文

终而复始,日月是也。

Modern Chinese现代汉语

像日月运行一样,周而复始;

EnglishTranslation

Like the sun and the moon, the cycle repeats;

Original原文

死而更生,四时是也。

Modern Chinese现代汉语

像四季更迭一样,去了又来。

EnglishTranslation

Like the changing of the seasons, it goes and comes.

Original原文

声不过五,五声之变,不可胜听也;

Modern Chinese现代汉语

宫、商、角、徵、羽不过五个音阶,但五个音阶的组合变化却是无穷无尽;

EnglishTranslation

Gong, Shang, Jiao, Zheng, and Yu are only five musical scales, but the combination of the five musical scales is endless;

Original原文

色不过五,五色之变,不可胜观也;

Modern Chinese现代汉语

青、赤、黄、白、黑不过五种色,但五种颜色调和绘成的画图之美是观赏不完的;

EnglishTranslation

Blue, red, yellow, white, and black are only five colors, but the beauty of the picture drawn by the harmony of the five colors is inexhaustible;

Original原文

味不过五,五味之变,不可胜尝也;

Modern Chinese现代汉语

酸、甜、苦、辣、咸不过五味,但五种味道的组合变化,却是品尝不完。

EnglishTranslation

Sour, sweet, bitter, spicy, and salty are only the five flavors, but the combination of the five flavors is inexhaustible.

Original原文

战势不过奇正,奇正之变,不可胜穷也。

Modern Chinese现代汉语

战斗中的势能,不过主力和助力两种,但主力与助力的组合变化,却是无穷无尽。

EnglishTranslation

The potential energy in the battle is only two kinds of main force and supporting force, but the combination of main force and supporting force is endless.

Original原文

奇正相生,如循环之无端,孰能穷之哉!

Modern Chinese现代汉语

主力与助力部队相互转化,就好比圆环旋绕,无始无终,谁能穷尽呢。

EnglishTranslation

The transformation of the main force and the supporting force into each other is like a circle, with no beginning and no end, no one can exhaust it.

03Potential & timing势与节

Original原文

激水之疾,至于漂石者,势也;

Modern Chinese现代汉语

迅疾的流水之所以能漂动大石,是因为水势强大;

EnglishTranslation

The reason why the swift water can move the boulder is because the potential energy of water is strong;

Original原文

鸷鸟之疾,至于毁折者,节也。

Modern Chinese现代汉语

猛禽搏击雀鸟(游隼),一举可致对手于死地,是因为它节奏迅猛。

EnglishTranslation

Birds of prey, such as peregrine falcons, can kill their opponents in one fell swoop because of their fast pace.

Original原文

故善战者,其势险,其节短。

Modern Chinese现代汉语

所以善于作战的将帅,他所造成的态势是险峻的,发起进攻的节奏是短促有力的。

EnglishTranslation

Therefore, the general who is good at war, the potential energy he creates is dangerous, and the rhythm of an attack he launches is short and powerful.

Original原文

如扩弩,如发机。

Modern Chinese现代汉语

态势如同满弓待发的弩,节奏如同触发的弩机。

EnglishTranslation

The potential energy is like a full crossbow ready to fire, and the rhythm is like crossbow triggered instantaneously.

Original原文

纷纷纭纭,斗乱而不可乱;

Modern Chinese现代汉语

旌旗纷纷人马纭纭,让敌方混乱,自身就不会混乱;

EnglishTranslation

In a large-scale battle, different flags are chaotic, and the men and horses are messy, so if one confuse the enemy, one will not be confused;

Original原文

浑浑沌沌,形圆而不可败。

Modern Chinese现代汉语

敌方实力浑沌不清,自身攻防形态灵活机动,就不会被打败。

EnglishTranslation

When the enemy's strength is unknowable, one must maintain a flexible offensive and defensive formation, so that one will not be defeated.

Original原文

乱生于治,

Modern Chinese现代汉语

在敌方治理有序的地方搅乱他,

EnglishTranslation

Disturb enemy when the enemy is in order,

Original原文

怯生于勇,

Modern Chinese现代汉语

在敌方勇猛的时候让他害怕,

EnglishTranslation

make the enemy afraid when the enemy is brave,

Original原文

弱生于强。

Modern Chinese现代汉语

在敌方强大的地方找出他的弱点。

EnglishTranslation

find the enemy's weaknesses where the enemy is strong.

Original原文

治乱,数也;

Modern Chinese现代汉语

军队治理有序或者混乱,是组织编制决定;

EnglishTranslation

The orderly or chaotic governance of the army is determined by the organization and establishment;

Original原文

勇怯,势也;

Modern Chinese现代汉语

士兵勇敢或者胆怯,是出兵态势决定;

EnglishTranslation

The courage or timidity of a soldier is determined by the situation and potential energy of the troops;

Original原文

强弱,形也。

Modern Chinese现代汉语

军力实力强大或者弱小,是军队的形态部署决定。

EnglishTranslation

the strong or weak of the army is determined by the form and deployment of the army.

04Setting forces in motion任势

Original原文

故善动敌者,

Modern Chinese现代汉语

善于调动敌方的将帅,

EnglishTranslation

Those generals who are good at mobilizing the enemy,

Original原文

形之,敌必从之;

Modern Chinese现代汉语

故意向敌方展示一种或真或假的攻防形态部署,敌方必然据此作出相应的错误举动;

EnglishTranslation

deliberately showing the enemy a true or false offensive and defensive form of deployment, the enemy will inevitably make corresponding wrong moves accordingly;

Original原文

予之,敌必取之。

Modern Chinese现代汉语

给予敌方一点实际利益作为诱饵,敌方必然趋利而来,从而听我调动。

EnglishTranslation

If the enemy is given a little actual benefit as bait, the enemy will inevitably come and listen to one‘s mobilization.

Original原文

以利动之,以卒待之。

Modern Chinese现代汉语

以利诱的方式调动敌方,用精锐的部队等待敌方,将其歼灭。

EnglishTranslation

Mobilize the enemy in a lure way, wait for the enemy with elite troops, and annihilate them.

Original原文

故善战者,求之于势,不责于人,故能择人而任势。

Modern Chinese现代汉语

所以, 善于用兵作战的人,总是追求险峻利落的兵势,而不苛求士兵以苦战取胜,因而他能够选择合适的人去制造和驾驭态势。

EnglishTranslation

Therefore, a person who is good at using his troops always pursues a sharp and neat potential energy, and does not require his soldiers to win in hard battles, so he can choose the right people to create and control the potential energy.

Original原文

任势者,其战人也,如转木石。

Modern Chinese现代汉语

驾御兵势的人,去管理作战的士兵,就如同转动木石一样。

EnglishTranslation

The one who control the potential energy manages the soldiers in battle is like turning wood and stone.

Original原文

木石之性,安则静,危则动,

Modern Chinese现代汉语

木石的性情是放在安稳平坦之处就会静止,而放在高峻险陡之地就会移动;

EnglishTranslation

The temperament of wood and stone, is to remain static when placed in a stable and flat place, and easy to move when placed in a high and steep place;

Original原文

方则止,圆则行。

Modern Chinese现代汉语

转到方刚一面的就会停下,转到圆融的一面就会前行。

EnglishTranslation

is easy to stop when turned to the square side, and easy to move forward when turned to the round side.

Original原文

故善战人之势,如转圆石于千仞之山者,势也。

Modern Chinese现代汉语

所以, 善于打仗的人所造成的兵势,就像让圆石从极高极陡的山上滚下来一样。这就是所谓的“势”。

EnglishTranslation

Therefore, the potential energy one who is good at war creates, is like rolling a cobblestone down a very high and steep mountain. This is called "potential energy".